Effects of the social, economic and technological change on marriage

In the past decades, the marriage institution has transformed due to the social, economic and technological changes that have resulted to major changes; in population of the married people and their ages, the number of children in a family, the number of the unmarried adults, division of responsibility in household especially the role played by the mother and the divorce rate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the social, economic and technological change on marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The marriage age is one of the major changes that have been noticed. There has been high rise of late marriages in America as majority of Americans have preferred marrying when they have achieved some level of social, economic and technological status. Things like good education and acquisition of stable job have been given first priority than marriage. Ladies have preferred to be marrying at age above 26 in contrast to age 21 in 1972 (Andrà ©a Deidre, 2001). The social changes have given room to courtship, the individual have been given authority over their choice to the partner they would like to stay together with in their life. The changes have given rise to interracial marriage as compared to before when white could only marry their fellow whites and blacks their fellow black. Currently the there has been about 37% of interracial marriage in USA (Andrà ©a Deidre, 2001). Though there is freedom about which person to marry, there has been major decline on the marriage. The institution of marriage has not been accorded that respect as before. Doing the comparison with statistics that was done in 1983 when the women married was about 62% ,the percentage have declined to 53% which shows clearly that this institution is being neglected (Rose Jason, 2002). Economic empowerment of women has also had negative effect on this fundamental institution as this is seen clearly by the rise of single household (Andrà ©a Deidre, 2001). American women especially black women who are economically empowered have preferred to be single rather being married as this gives them independence and full control of their lives without the boundaries usually set in marriage. The responsibilities of the husbands and wives have also taken a major twist. Before, men were seen as breadwinners whereby they were to supply to the needs of the family while women were mainly housewives. Today’s statistics shows that this scenario has drastically changed and anybody can take this responsibility of meeting the family’s needs. In about 3.3 million families in America, the wives have taken the responsibility of breadwinning (Rose Jason, 2002). There has been a high rise of single parenting, especially; single mothers which has been as result birth out of wedlock or due to divorce. The number of women who have decided to remain single mothers stands at about 39 %, especially with th e black women (Rose Jason, 2002).Since before, most of black women engaged in marriage a source of financial security. Social economical and technological developments have empowerment them making them loose importance of marriage.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Children bearing have been given much consideration attaching the social and economic involvement in bearing and upbringing of children. The past two decades, the average number of children in any American family was about seven. Actual, such kind of number is currently viewed as burden. The current average number of children in many households stands at two kinds. References Andrà ©a, F Deidre V, D. (2001). Journey of American Women. Time magazine article 31,1-67. Rose M. K Jason M. F. (2002). Number, timing and duration of marriages and divorces; 1996. US census bureau current population reports, 1-37. This essay on Effects of the social, economic and technological change on marriage was written and submitted by user Alexa Mathis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on gender equalityEssay Writing Service

Essay on gender equalityEssay Writing Service Essay on gender equality Essay on gender equalityThe issue of gender equality has been widely discussed in philosophical literature and mass media sources. In any democratic society, gender equality is considered to be an important moral principle that should be followed by all members of society. Reviewing ethical theories, it is possible to apply the core principles of each of the theories to the issue of gender equality in order to identify the ethical theory that provides the most satisfactory moral answer to the issue and the ethical theory that provides the least satisfactory answer to the issue of gender equality. There are several ethical theories that could be used to answer the issue of gender equality. The three theories that will be discussed in this paper include utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and feminist theory. Considering the key principles of these ethical theories, it is possible to identify the most powerful theory that could be used to handle the issue of gender equality. Thesis statemen t: Feminine theory captures basic moral insights in relation to gender equality because it highlights the necessity to address women’s rights, providing guidelines for morality and ethical consistency. This theory is the most satisfactory moral answer to the issue of gender equality, comparing with utilitarianism and virtue ethics.Equality (Gender): Basic Information about the Issue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of equality, especially gender equality, is an important ethical issue that requires proper investigation in order to find solutions. The issue of gender equality is associated with human values and the socially constructed process of developing values in humans. Moreover, the issue of gender equality combined with the emergence of social movements may result in the promotion of gender equality at the global level. According to Cady Stanton (2007), many organizations are focused on the promotion of women’s rights. In Cady Stanton’ s lecture â€Å"Subjection of women†, the author continues to advocate a wide range of reforms that she considered crucial to achieving equality for women† (p. 140). The author believes that women should be focused on developing and establishing their independence in social life and in their relationships with men. Her work inspired many feminists and contributed to the development of feminist movements.Besides, the issue of gender equality depends on the role of political authorities in finding the proper solutions. Marilyn Friedman (2003) pays due attention to the issue of gender quality in the book Autonomy, Gender, Politics. The author discusses this issue highlighting the role of government in various practices of a cultural minority within the society, in which women’s rights are violated (Friedman, 2003). According to Marilyn Friedman (2003), â€Å"equality, rights, autonomy, justice, and liberty are all variously interpreted by liberals themselves† (p. 182). The author believes that liberal government and liberalism, in general, provide many solutions to the dilemma of equality of cultural minorities, namely the issue of women’s rights.Moreover, the significance of the issue of gender equality is reflected in everyday situations. In the video Gender Stereotypes in Media, there are many examples, which demonstrate men’s relation to women in different situations. As a matter of fact, the media maintains gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes are associated with different gender role attitudes and place emphasis on the necessity to handle this issue in a proper way. Gender stereotypes can be found at home, at work and even in schools. These phrases prove the existence of stereotypes caused by gender inequality:   â€Å"You just a woman with a small brain† or â€Å"If I take you on, you don’t say anything, you don’t question me †¦because you are a girl† (dsnook, 2009, Feb. 23). Ster eotypes in advertising are still prevalent, although much has been changed over the last 50 years in the United States (jeeprollover, 2011, Oct. 26). Television plays a significant role in reinforcing stereotypes. Besides, various female stereotypes presented in Disney Films teach women different things that are associated with gender inequality. For example, in Beauty and the Beast, girls are taught to accept that men are dominant in relationships (jonesyy217, 2011, Dec. 12).The application of three of the ethical theories to the issue of gender equalityThe issue of gender equality can be discussed based on the application of various ethical theories, including utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and feminine ethics. Using the core principles of each of the above-mentioned theories; it is possible to prove the fact that the issue of gender equality is an ethical issue that requires a comprehensive moral answer.Utilitarianism is considered to be an ethical theory that helps to determine the rightness/ or wrongness of some issue on the basis of an estimated outcome. In other words, utilitarianism is focused on the usefulness of something or somebody’s actions rather than on moral obligation or moral duty (Jaggar, 2010; Louden, 2013). In the case of gender equality, utilitarianism places emphasis on the outcomes of gender relations. According to this ethical theory, the rightness/ or wrongness of human actions that reflect gender inequality can be determined by the need for assessing the outcomes. From women’s point of view, gender inequality brings evil consequences because women’s rights are limited, and women’s independence is limited.Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that highlights the role of character traits. In other words, this ethical theory shifts the focus from the established rules and actions to the proper character traits. Although virtue ethics cannot strengthen the role of morality in human actions and decisions, moral re asoning needs the analysis of character traits (Louden, 2013). For virtue ethics, the major object of morality and moral evaluation can be an agent, but not his/her actions or decisions. Thus, this theory is centered on the characters traits of agents (both good and bad agents). Their rights or wrong acts are not taken into consideration by virtue ethicists (Louden, 2013). Virtue ethics can be applied to the issue of gender equality. Moral character traits promoted by virtue ethics can give an explanation to gender stereotyping and gender inequality, caused by evil traits of character.Feminine ethics is an ethical theory that is focused on the feminist approach to ethics. The core principles of this ethical theory are aimed at correcting men’s biases that can be found in other ethical theories. These biases discriminate women, promoting women’s subordination, and disregarding women’s moral experience (Jaggar, 2010). The major principle of this theory is to criti cize the actions, behaviors, and practices of men who discriminate women, perpetuate women’s subordination. This theory is based on developing â€Å"philosophical accounts of the nature of morality and of the central moral concepts that treat women’s moral experience respectfully† (Jaggar, 2010, p. 528).Identification of the ethical theory that provides the most satisfactory moral answer to the issueThere are both strengths and weaknesses, which can be identified for each of the ethical theories as applied to the issue of gender equality. In order to identify the ethical theory that provides the most satisfactory moral answer to the issue, it is necessary to refer to the strengths of the ethical theories discussed in the previous section of the paper.To start with, the strengths of utilitarianism include two important characteristics of the theory. First, utilitarianism is â€Å"a single principle, an absolute system with a potential answer for every situationà ¢â‚¬  (Pojman, 2004, p. 120). Second, this theory â€Å"seems to get to the substance of morality†(Pojman, 2004, p. 120). These strengths are focused on the usefulness of actions.In addition, virtue ethics has its strengths. The strengths of virtue ethics include the significance of personal integrity. The major strength of virtue ethics is that it provides an opportunity for individuals to make decisions. Moreover, virtue ethics is closely connected with practical ethics, reinforcing the autonomy of individuals (Louden, 2013).Besides, feminine ethics has its strengths in relation to different issues. The primary principles of feminist ethics include the promotion of the traits and values that are tied to women. The strength of a feminine approach to ethics includes the reflection of women’s experiences. This ethical theory is aimed at putting the agenda of independence, liberation, and equality in the forefront (Jaggar, 2010).Thus, it is possible to identify the theo ry that is better than others in the case of gender equality is a feminine theory. This ethical theory helps to explain the necessity of the struggle for equal rights in the workplace, at home, and in other public places. This theory promotes the increased role of diversity in human society. Feminist approach is the most satisfactory moral answer to the issue of gender equality because of advocates changes in human society based on the interests of women. Women’s rights in different sectors should be equal to men’s rights.Identification of the ethical theory that provides the least satisfactory answer to the issue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to identify the ethical theory that provides the least satisfactory answer to the issue of gender equality, it is necessary to refer to the weaknesses of ethical theories. The major weakness of utilitarianism as applied to the conception of equality is that it is focused on certain rights and obligations an d fair shares of resources. The weakness of virtue ethics is that this theory is not oriented to principle-based ethics. Virtue ethics may create certain social problems (Louden, 2013). The weakness of feminine theory is focused on the fact that it deals only with oppression and discrimination of women. Taking into consideration the weaknesses of the ethical theories discussed in the paper, it is possible to identify the ethical theory that provides the least satisfactory answer to the issue of gender equality.Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that may praise some virtues that are considered to be immoral. Besides, virtue ethics does not involve fundamental concepts, such as duty, obligation, and rights. As a result, this theory cannot deal in a proper way with some significant issues. Virtue ethics does not highlight the role of what makes the act or behavior right and what makes it wrong. According to Louden (2013), virtue ethics is dependent on the final end which influences hum an lives, but it may not be virtuous. The issue of equality requires promoting moral principles in relation to women.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that ethical theories can be applied to different issues of public concern, including the issue of gender equality. The feminine theory is focused on basic moral insights in relation to gender equality because it highlights the necessity to handle discrimination of women, providing guidelines for morality and ethical consistency. This theory is considered to be the most satisfactory moral answer to the issue of gender equality, comparing with utilitarianism and virtue ethics.

Islamic finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Islamic finance - Essay Example In this regard, the Islamic financial system with the assistance of macroeconomic models is able to conduct their operations effective in the Islamic economy. Islamic financial system came into existence in the mid-1980s wherein this system was practiced mostly in the Muslim communities that eventually nurtured trade and commercial activities in numerous nations. Islamic merchants became the brokers of trade related activities in Spanish and Mediterranean regions, which helped in promoting Islamic finance amid European financiers and capitalists. In the modern day context, Islamic finance has made a huge impact in various parts of the world, as it has been promptly growing in the financial sector. Islamic finance is not just limited to Islamic nations, but it has spread to other nations wherein the Muslim community is quite large. It has been identified that there are over 100 financial institutions using Islamic finance and the system is presently practiced in more than 45 nations. Industries using Islamic finance have witnessed a growth rate of 15% in their annual turnover from the estimation of the last five years financial performance s. Accordingly, it has been witnessed that the market’s annual turnover has grown to about 70 billion USD as compared to 5 billion USD in the year 1985. It has been further estimated that markets, which use Islamic finance will witness a growth of 100 billion USD by next century. In reality, Islamic finance commenced successfully from the time when the Islamic nations obtained surplus profit in their oil exporting businesses. It will be worth mentioning that anatomic and macroeconomic reforms in the financial system, privatisation of industries, assimilation of the financial markets and liberalisation of capital have cemented the growth of the Islamic financial system (Iqbal, 1997). The paper is primarily intended to summarise the chapter ‘The Financial System and Monetary Policy in an Islamic

Small business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small business - Research Paper Example It is important to determine WHY the business is being set up and what is expected out of it. In this case of opening a restaurant we have clearly defined objectives. It is aimed at serving fresh halal food to the target community that is mostly based on students so the specialty is going to be fresh, halal food at cheaper rates. Now it is important to determine the input and output means. Input includes all the budgeting, hiring of employees and setting up the place etc an the out put is the result that is in the form of customers’ response and the profits. So first of all we need to determine the scale of this input and output. It is important to keep in mind and have a regular check on the customers’ and the suppliers’ requirements and their ease. It is important to have a smooth customer relation with the suppliers of raw materials like meat etc for the restaurant. On the other hand the customers’ requirements should be kept in mind and they should be regularly updated according to their demands. So in case of this restaurant, the customers’ response to food items is very important. Food should be cooked according to their demands and the rates should be regularized according to the customers’ pockets. Getting the employees into the process of planning is also very important. Thus they would understand the whole system better and define things according to their own ease and so that would help in running the plan smooth. Moreover, in systematized planning, clear definition of duties and process owning is very important. The employees should not be confused about their duties nor should they be over burdened. A good division of labor according to the duties is important for running the system efficiently. All the employees should be told about their duties clearly and they should be asked about those duties by the management in a constant check. A proper management and check and balance or monitoring is very

Can gm crops add to productivity of UK agriculture Research Proposal

Can gm crops add to productivity of UK agriculture - Research Proposal Example when the UN cites food insecurity as a major threat in the future, it is imperative to allow the technology proven fit to human and escalate the food production levels as Godfray et al. (2010) suggest. Surprisingly, even the UK has not been in a position to ensure food security mitigation as evidenced by the industry in the country. Currently, food and drink in the UK accounts for 7% of the country’s GDP; it employs over 3.5million people (Zilberman, Kaplan, Kim, Sexton & Barrows, 2014). Despite the figures, the UK has to import 40% of the food consumed by its residents. Interestingly, notwithstanding this import, the UK in 2007 made  £12 billion from its food export and  £7 billion a year later, according to Turco and Maggioni (2014). Evidently, food in the UK is a vital economy component as it helps both in feeding its residents thus saving money as well as increases its financial capabilities. As evidenced by the figures proved above, the issue of agriculture is pivotal to its growth thus explaining the reason for the continued debate concerning GM technology. Some agree, â€Å"GM crops can boost productivity in lean times† (Parul (2011p.34) while others strongly oppose this notion. Those disagreeing argue that GM technology has proved to reduce the harvests. According to Dalla-Corte and Dhein-Dill (2012), it was noted that when GM was used in Brazil, there was a 10% decline in the soya harvest. In response to these assertions, the other section contest that this decline is not necessarily attributable to the GM but other factors (Birch, Begg and Squire, 2012) Clearly, from the above information one could conclude that the issue of GM has not been well understood by all the parties. While one group argues about the decline in the harvest, another provides a reason, which clearly seems valid. For that reason, a research ought to be conducted to ascertain the exact effect of GM technology on the UK agriculture. As already proven, agriculture is an imperative

Person Job Fit Versus Person Organization Fit

Person Job Fit Versus Person Organization Fit This report reviews the recent developments of the research on Person-Organization fit (P-O) and Person-Job fit (P-J). These are the two most extensively studied fits in context of employee selection. In this report the concepts of P-O P-J have been discussed reaching a conclusion that P-J fit is considered important during the earlier stages (screening stage) of selection whereas P-O fit is a necessity in later stages (interviews etc) of selection process of an employee. INTRODUCTION The theory of Person-Environment (PE) assumes that positive responses occur when individuals tend to fit or match the environment. For example, When a good fit exists in between person environment, PE fit theories of vocational choice propose occurrence of high satisfaction, mental physical well-being when there is good fit (Dawis Lofquist, 1984; Holland, 1997). Extensive research supports the proposition that individuals are satisfied with and adjust most easily to jobs that are congruent with their own career-relevant personality types. PE-fit is conceptualized as a general term, under which fall more specific notions of fit. In the recruitment and selection domain, two common forms of fit identified are Person-Job Fit This is a match between an individual requirements of a specific job. Companies often pursue that person-job fit so as to match the applicants knowledge and skills to the requirements of specific job openings and focus on an applicants ability to perform right away without any training. Person-Organization Fit This is match between an individual broader organizational attributes. Companies while pursuing P-O fit focus on how well individuals fit with values of their company culture. They tend to emphasis on hiring people with an ability to work co-operate with other employees in the company. Person-Job fit Conceptualization The concept of person-job fit is the traditional foundation for employee selection (Werbel Gilliland, 1999). The primary concern was limited to finding applicants with the right skills abilities for a available job in the organization. PJ fit is conceptualized as the match between individual knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) and demands of the job or the needs/desires of an individual and what is provided by the job (Edwards, 1991; OReilly, Chatman, Caldwell, 1991). Based on realistic job previews, accurate and realistic job information enables applicants to assess the degree of congruence between their KSA and the job requirements (i.e. PJ fit; Breaugh, 1992; Breaugh Starke, 2000). Applicants who perceive a fit between their KSA and the job requirements are probable to remain in the selection process and accept a job offer. RJP research has shown that accurate and realistic job information during recruitment and selection is associated with positive work outcomes (e.g. low attrition from recruitment process, high job satisfaction, low voluntary turnover, high work performance). From its very simple inception evolving out of scientific management , the P-J Fit determination process increasingly gained sophistication with identification of both statistically reliable valid processes that can be used to measure P-J fit. Operationalizations of P-J Fit The operational aspect of P-J Fit focuses on needs-supplies and demand-abilities perspective (Edwards, 1991). Therefore, P-J fit can be defined as the fit between desires of a person vs attributes of a job OR abilities of a person vs demands of a job. This needs-supplies and demand-abilities fit are extended conceptualizations of complementary fit. Supplementary fit does not apply to P-J fit as it is concerned to the person only not the job. In employee selection practices, strategies used to assess P-J fit include tests, reference checks, resumes a variety of other selection tools (Werbel Gulliland, 1999). Outcomes of P-J Fit Employee selection process in most organization has traditionally focused on achieving P-J Fit (Werbel Gulliland, 1999). Another contributor establishing P-J fit is job design strategy backed by organization entry (Brosseau, 1984). Considerable evidences show that a high level of P-J fit has positive outcomes. P-J fit literature by Edwards (1991) identified low stress in job, attendance, retention, performance and job satisfaction are outcomes positively affected by P-J fit. Researchers demonstrated that structured validated procedures for determining P-J fit have led to more effective selection of employees when compared to unstructured techniques Person-Organisation Fit Conceptualization P-O fit can be defined as compatibility between people organizations (Kristof, 1996). With regards to employee selection research, P-O fit can be conceptualized as the match between an applicant boarder organizational attributes. The key to maintain the flexible committed work force, which is necessary in a competitive and tight labor market, is P-O fit. The P-O fit research can be traced back to Schneiders (1987) ASA framework (Attraction-Selection-Attrition). As per Schneider, persons are always on the look out for situations attractive to them rather than fit any assigned situation. Schneider argued that an organization can be considered as a situation, which implies that people can be attracted to it, be selected to be a part of it, remain if they have good P-O fit or leave the organization incase there is no good fit. Operationalizations OF P-O fit There has been an ongoing debate regarding the operationalizations of the P-O construct. Kristof (1996) review of P-O fit literature identified four operationalizations of P-O fit. Measuring the similarity between basic characteristics of people and organizations. The way to measure this to check the congruence between individual organizational values Goal congruence with organizational leaders Match between individual preferences or needs organizational structures and systems. This operationalization of P-O fit reflect the need-supplies fit curve. Match between individual characteristics of individual personality organizational climate or organizational personality. Organizational Climate is often operationalized in terms of supplies such as rewards systems or communication formats. This point takes into account both the supplementary need-supplies fit perspectives. Outcomes Of PO Fit According to Schneiders ASA framework, the attraction between persons organizations are based on their similarity. This affect the job choice approach of a applicant hiring decisions in organizations. Empirical evidence supports the fact that both applicant job-choice behavior organizations hiring practices are antecedents of P-O Fit. From the entry point, individuals organization socializations practice contributes to P-O fit. Empirical evidences support fact (Chatman, 1991) High level of this fit can be related to positive outcomes. P-O fit can be tied to job satisfaction organization commitment This fit could predict intention of quit turnover (Chatman, 1991 ; OReilly et al., 1991) and was also related to citizenship behaviours (OReilly Chatman, 1986), contextual performance and self reported teamwork. High level of P-O fit may have positive or negative organizational level outcomes (Schneider, 1987). Relationship between P-O fit P-J Fit P-O fit P-J fit are distinct constructs conceptually. Many researchers have reported have reported low correlations between actual PO Fit an P-J fit (OReilly et al., 1991 ; Higgins, 2000) and perceived P-O fit P-J fit(Kristof-Brown, 2001). Factor analysis proved that the job applicants and recruiters could identify or distinguish P-O P-J fit ( Kristof-Brown, 2000). Kristof Brown (2000) came to a conclusion recruiters perceived P-O P-J were different in terms of antecedents they offered unique prediction of employers hiring recommendations. Lauver Kristof -Brown (2001) found that employees P-O fit could predict his intention to quit performance than the P-J fit. Both these fits directly affected new employees outpu including stress, job satisfaction turnover. P-J had the most impact on work attitudes followed by P-O fit. - P-O fit P-J In Employee Selection Employee selection can divided into two different approaches : prescriptive descriptive. The prescriptive type of approach aim at points what managers should do in getting the right candidate. This approach usually focuses on the criteria-related valuation of the main concept as the predictor domain. The descriptive approach concentrates on the part what managers actually do in their selection procedures. They describe how the focal concept works out in the actual process. Prescriptive Descriptive approaches for P-O P-J fit in selection process can be summarized as follows. Prescriptive Approach In Selection Traditionally, the selection process was bend on achieving P-J fit (e.g American organizations). Both practitioners researchers suggested that P-J fit is becoming less important when compared to others fits. The challenges they faced from P-J fit were the extended criterion domain predictor factor (Werbel Gilliland, 1999). Borman Motwildo (1993) were of the opinion that selection of a candidate should be associated with organization effectiveness. Distinguishing task contextual performance should be done. Researchers identified many similar concepts with regards to contextual performance such as pro-social behavior, extra role behavior organizational citizenship behavior. Based on these findings, they suggested decisions on hiring needs to go beyond P-J fit, taking into consideration the expanded criterion domain. The arguments for expanded criterion domain can be summarized as follows. First the Employers should be aware that the hired employees will hold multiple tasks over the period of his employment. This leads to disagreement with the fact of an employee doing a specific job as mention in P-J fit. Second point to which they stressed was in selection of an applicant by a manager should be based on applicants compliance with values vision of the organization. Third, P-J fit has some ideas of jobs themselves. In an expanded criterion domain, teamwork flexibility should be taken into consideration while selecting a employee. With these limitations in P-J fit for employee selection, most practitioner researchers suggest use of P-O Fit in selection of an employee. As high levels of P-J P-O fit leads to positive outcomes such as job satisfaction, performance organizational commitment, both P-J P-O should be included in the selection process. Using P-J fit in the initial selection process using P-O Fit in the latter or final stages of selection of an employee would be ideal. Descriptive Approach on Fit in Selection These days despite the extensive focus on P-J fit for a selection process, many researchers argue that key elements of P-O fit has been included (Chatman, 1989). One the most used selection method for assessing an applicant is Interviewing. Managers are very keen on conducting them as they feel it to be the best way of selecting candidates who appear to fit to the organization. Prior to interviews, applicants are selected for interview with P-J fit evaluations. During the interview, managers usually focus the applicants P-O fit. Based on theories , researchers always emphasis that P-O fit plays a major role at later stages of employment selection than in the earlier stages (Kristof-Brown, 2000 ). Though the argument is reasonable, we are not sure about the later stages of selection process in a organization. Possibility of weighing P-J fit more than P-O fit by managers should be also taken into consideration. CONCLUSION To conclude, as high levels of P-J P-O fit leads to positive outcomes such as job satisfaction, performance organizational commitment, both P-J fit P-O fit elements should be included in the selection process of an employee. Considering P-J fit during the earlier or initial stages of selection measuring the P-O fit during the later stages of selection process of an employee would be ideal.

Roman Pool Essay -- Architecture Structure History Essays

Roman Pool The private residence built by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in San Simeon, California is quite a site to behold. Originally named La Cuesta Encantada it is now often referred to as Hearst Castle. It is located on a hilltop overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the Santa Lucia Mountains. The estate took 28 years to build and includes the main house, guest houses, two pools, and acres of gardens, terraces and walkways. Its rooms and gardens are decorated with an impressive collection of antiques from around the world. One particularly interesting building is the Roman Pool. The Roman Pool at Hearst castle is a tiled indoor pool decorated with eight statues of Roman gods, goddesses and heroes. The pool appears to be styled after an ancient Roman bath such as the Baths of Caracalla in Rome c. 211-17 CE. The mosaic tiled patterns were inspired by mosaics found in the 5 C. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy (Kastner, p. I-261.) They are also representative of traditional marine monster themes that can be found in ancient Roman baths (Strong, p. 124.) The statues are rough copies of ancient Greek and Roman statues. One such copy represents the "Apoxyomenos." Statuary was used on a considerable scale in the Baths of Caracalla (Strong, p. 124.) The pool and surrounding room, which were built from 1927-1934, can be compared to an ancient Roman bath. The pool, like the baths, is located indoors. Its water was heated as in a tepidarium. However, in Hearst's complex there were no hot or cold baths as there were in the ancient complex. The Roman Pool complex was designed to contain an exercise room, sweat baths, a handball court and dressing rooms (Cohn/Kastner p. I-258.) The Baths of Caracalla covere... ...ing fingers of the outstretched hand. We will never know what Hearst was thinking when he created his Roman Pool. Was he hoping to accurately depict an ancient Roman bath, or did he just like Roman art? Overall he kept to a romanticized 1930's version of the Roman theme, with decorations that span three centuries. Looking at the rest of his "castle" leads one to believe that Hearst combined whatever he thought was impressive. This pool is truly impressive. Works Cited: Boardman, John. Greek Art. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964. Cohn, Leslie and Kastner, Vicki. Roman Pool. (Information from Hearst Castle P.R. Department) Hutton, Edward. The Story of Ravenna. London: J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd, 1926. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995. Strong, David. Roman Art. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, Ltd, 1976. Roman Pool Essay -- Architecture Structure History Essays Roman Pool The private residence built by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in San Simeon, California is quite a site to behold. Originally named La Cuesta Encantada it is now often referred to as Hearst Castle. It is located on a hilltop overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the Santa Lucia Mountains. The estate took 28 years to build and includes the main house, guest houses, two pools, and acres of gardens, terraces and walkways. Its rooms and gardens are decorated with an impressive collection of antiques from around the world. One particularly interesting building is the Roman Pool. The Roman Pool at Hearst castle is a tiled indoor pool decorated with eight statues of Roman gods, goddesses and heroes. The pool appears to be styled after an ancient Roman bath such as the Baths of Caracalla in Rome c. 211-17 CE. The mosaic tiled patterns were inspired by mosaics found in the 5 C. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy (Kastner, p. I-261.) They are also representative of traditional marine monster themes that can be found in ancient Roman baths (Strong, p. 124.) The statues are rough copies of ancient Greek and Roman statues. One such copy represents the "Apoxyomenos." Statuary was used on a considerable scale in the Baths of Caracalla (Strong, p. 124.) The pool and surrounding room, which were built from 1927-1934, can be compared to an ancient Roman bath. The pool, like the baths, is located indoors. Its water was heated as in a tepidarium. However, in Hearst's complex there were no hot or cold baths as there were in the ancient complex. The Roman Pool complex was designed to contain an exercise room, sweat baths, a handball court and dressing rooms (Cohn/Kastner p. I-258.) The Baths of Caracalla covere... ...ing fingers of the outstretched hand. We will never know what Hearst was thinking when he created his Roman Pool. Was he hoping to accurately depict an ancient Roman bath, or did he just like Roman art? Overall he kept to a romanticized 1930's version of the Roman theme, with decorations that span three centuries. Looking at the rest of his "castle" leads one to believe that Hearst combined whatever he thought was impressive. This pool is truly impressive. Works Cited: Boardman, John. Greek Art. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964. Cohn, Leslie and Kastner, Vicki. Roman Pool. (Information from Hearst Castle P.R. Department) Hutton, Edward. The Story of Ravenna. London: J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd, 1926. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995. Strong, David. Roman Art. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, Ltd, 1976.